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How to Tell a Story

Man is eminently a storyteller. His search for a purpose, a cause, an ideal, a mission and the like is largely a search for a plot and a pattern in the development of his life story — a story that is basically without meaning or pattern. — Eric Hoffer, philosopher
There are many folks out there who believe they can’t tell a good story. Yet people are natural storytellers – it’s in our DNA. Everybody has told stories, but perhaps they didn’t think of themselves as storytellers at the time. Parents should start thinking of themselves as storytellers. It’s okay!  You don’t need heaps of social courage to talk to your own kids!

Telling a story well takes a little preparation. A little. Here’s my advice.
1. Pick a story. If it’s a story from your own past, you already know it. If you are searching for a traditional story, take advantage of the Internet and the public library to find a story that suits your needs. Read the story a few times. If you can find different versions of the story, even better.
2. Decide what element or elements of the story you want to highlight. Is it the physical courage of the hero? The moral courage? Emotional courage? What about the story appeals to you? Is it from your cultural tradition or a different one? What drives you to select this story for your child?
3. Spend a few minutes with a thesaurus and reacquaint yourself with all the wonderful synonyms and metaphors for courage and fear. Reflect on your own experiences of courage and fear and try to feel again the physical sensations you experienced. You can add these to the story to bring it to vivid life.  Keep reading for more Storytelling Tips!
4. Practice telling the story to yourself, freely adding details to enliven the tale. If you feel self-conscious do this in the car or the bathroom or somewhere else you have some privacy. If you forget bits of the story don’t sweat it. Stories are flexible and adaptable, and you are authorized to tell the story in your own way.
5. When you feel you are ready, and you have your child’s attention – at dinner, at bedtime, in the car, or anywhere you can talk without interruption — you can say, “I remember a good story,” or “I read a good story,” or “Let me tell you a story I think you’ll like,” or anything else you can think of to announce the storytelling mode. The storytelling mode can be entered with very little preamble, and most kids are ready to listen at a moment’s notice.
6. If you want to engage your listener more thoroughly you can ask questions at turning points of the story: “And what do you think happened next?” “Who do you suppose was waiting inside?” “How do you think he felt?” You can even ask your child to supply some of the details: “Can you guess what color shoes the queen wore?”(the answer is always correct, by the way) or “Do you know what day it was?” The more deeply engaged your child is in the story, the more power it will have.

Copyright Ilyssa Tonnessen, Dreamstime.com
This “storytelling mode” I’m talking about is almost magical, and I’ve seen it time and time again when I’ve visited schools to talk with kids about being an author. There is a discernible change in the quality of listening whenever I get to a part of my presentation that involves telling a story. I see it in K., as well. It’s as if children only listen to grown-ups with one ear most of the time (Blah blah blah) but instantly switch on the second ear for “Long long ago…” or “Once, when I was little…” which in my case amounts to the same thing. It makes me feel sure that if there is something important to teach, like courage, it better include a story!

Some good storytelling resources are here and here and here

What is Physical Courage?

   Compiled and written by Lisa and Jennifer:

This is the first in the “Six Types of Courage” that we will explore in-depth. We hope you’ve already had the chance to read over our page called “The Six Types of Courage” for a brief overview of our definitions.  The examples we give for each type of courage may apply to your children and/or to you please keep in mind, when you are reading this post, that some of these examples may involve taking “baby steps” on your way to physical courage!  Every step towards courage is worthwhile and important.

Physical Courage

“If you worried about falling off the bike you’d never get on.”  Lance Armstrong

“A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.”  Ralph Waldo Emerson

“Courage is being scared to death and saddling up anyway.”  John Wayne

Physical courage is the type most people think of first, the one that allows us to risk discomfort, injury, pain or even death—running into burning buildings as a firefighter, facing an enemy on the battlefield, undergoing chemotherapy, climbing a mountain, protecting a child from a dangerous animal.  We are right to be wary of pain: pain tells us where our boundaries and limits are.  However, sometimes there are things more important than pain, and our physical fear becomes a border to be crossed.  Physical fear is often blown entirely out of proportion: pain is often greater in anticipation than in fact, and that dread can become an insurmountable barrier.  Physical courage also involves recognizing that your body is how you participate in the world; keeping it healthy, strong, and resilient prepares you for all kinds of challenges,  not just physical ones. 

This inspiring video from TED.com gives us a great example of a woman confronting seemingly insurmountable barriers through physical courage.  It’s about seventeen minutes long; if you don’t have time now, please watch it later.  It’s well worth it.  Teaser: she rowed solo across the Atlantic Ocean!

Lack of physical courage looks like:

  • holding back or hiding
  • giving up after one failed attempt
  • clinging to unhealthy habits
  • being a couch potato
  • avoiding physical challenges
  • ignoring the doctor’s advice to change some of your lifestyle habits
  • allowing a prior injury or frightening experience to scare you out of trying a new sport or activity
  • shrinking back from a doctor or dentist 
  • shying away from new foods, activities, games
  • using food/alcohol/drugs to dull sensation or feelings

Physical courage sounds like:

  • “I’ll try it!”
  • “I’m okay!”
  • “I can do it!”
  • “Look at me!”
  • “Let’s go outside.”
  • “Can I pet your dog?”
  • “I love my hair!”
  • “Watch what I can do!”
  • “No thanks, I’m full.”
  • “No thanks, I don’t smoke/drink.”

Lack of physical courage sounds like:

  • “I can’t do that.”
  • “I might get hurt!”
  • “Don’t do that!  You’ll break your arm!”
  • “It’s too hot/cold/wet/dry/squishy/slimy/dirty.”
  • “Boys don’t dance.”
  • “Girls don’t play rough.”
  • “I just washed my hands!”
  • “It’s too far/high/deep/big/steep.”
  • “I’m fat/ugly/slow.”
  • “I had a bad day—I need chocolate/a drink/a cigarette.”

Grab Some Lion’s Whiskers!
Here are some tips for helping develop physical courage for you and your kids:

Posts related to physical courage: The Journey Our Kids Are On, Two Parables from Rumi, Go Climb a Tree, 5-Minute Courage Workout on Navigating the Neighborhood, 5-Minute Courage Workout on Playing with Fire, First Steps on the Path, Mental Pathways of CourageLet’s Talk Dirty5-Minute Courage Workout: Talking Dirty, Dancing Through the Pain, Part 1,  Dancing Through the Pain, Part II, Perseverance: The Courage of a SpiderThe Way We Hold Our Babes,  Fenrir; Big, Bad Wolf Beowulf: A Hero’s Tale Retold, Quitters, Campers, and Climbers:  Which One are You?, The Black Belt Wall, Running Plan B

What are your ideas about physical courage, your parenting tips to promote it with kids, or your favorite physical courage story (fiction or non-fiction)?  We’d love to hear from you!

Here’s more on the types of courage:
What is Social Courage?
What is Emotional Courage?
What is Moral Courage?
What is Intellectual Courage?
What is Spiritual Courage?

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Mental Pathways of Courage

Courage doesn’t always roar.  Sometimes courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says I’ll try again tomorrow. 
~Mary Anne Radmacher

I’ve defined the word courage with a dictionary, and with the help of my kids, so now I ask myself: “What does courage mean to me?”  “Do I have courage?” “When have I been courageous in my life?”

I read Jennifer’s retelling of The Lion’s Whiskers, and reflect on the times when I’ve had to approach my own inner and outer lions to gain the necessary whiskers, or qualities, to develop the love and respect for myself, my children, my husband, and all who cross my path.  Whiskers I cling to for balance and guidance, qualities that help me to be brave during times of fear, pain, or uncertainty.  I think of the times I’ve succeeded, and the times I’ve failed, in attaining the kind of intellectual, social, physical, spiritual, emotional and moral strength necessary to be deemed “courageous”. 

Even more poignantly, I reflect on the times when I am the healer coaching my children, or my clients, to approach that which they fear; and sadly, the times when I am the lion my children must approach cautiously when I am impatient, judgmental, or demanding.  Each time I can be relied upon to be consistent and caring with my children, I watch as their posture straightens with the kind of confidence that an unconditionally loving relationship provides.  The kind of self-confidence necessary to approach life with courage.
Courage, in my understanding and experience, is the essence of perseverance when faced with difficulty.  Courage, for me, requires the intellectual capacity to fight through my fear; and the moral basis to care about myself, my friends and family, my community, and the world-at-large enough to do the right thing.  Most of all, I gain strength, and thus the resilience and courage to act, from identifying meaningful purpose in my life. 
On a cold night, cuddled under layers of dogs and blankets, I ask my husband “Would you describe me as a courageous person?  Do you think I’ve done things in my life that are examples of possessing courage?  Do you think I have anything worthwhile to offer on the subject?”  “Yes, yes, and yes”, he utters in a sleepy voice.  He is exceptionally loving and reassuring, my husband—if slightly sleep-deprived due to my midnight musings.  He reminds me of the times I’ve been courageous, if not very practical.  Like the time I ran to a burning farm house to help rescue a Nepalese family and all their belongings.  In an instant, I dropped my pack on the trekking trail to run to their rescue.  A pack filled with most of my worldly possessions, including all my cash and passport.  My husband, on the other hand, stayed back.  Mindfully assessing the risks, noticing all the other neighbors already arriving with water buckets, deeming the situation under control; he chose to pick up my backpack and approach the scene more cautiously.  I guess you would say I responded altruistically.  Without care for myself or my belongings, I placed the welfare of others above my own.  Someone else might say I acted selfishly, perhaps in the interest of ‘looking good’.  Others may say I was foolhardy in my impulsiveness and took an unnecessary risk without considering other options. Still others may question whether courage was evident if I am unable to show evidence of fear, threat, and danger.  It begs the question:  who gets to decide what and who is courageous?

Unlike my husband, I barely remember the incident.  It’s a common phenomenon for people who’ve been courageous to have little or no recollection of the events leading up to the moment they made their move—particularly when altruism is at play.  Upon reflection, when people who’ve displayed courage are asked “How did you do it?” I am amazed how often friends, family, or clients I’ve worked with as a mental health or child/family therapist over the course of 22 years, respond “I don’t know.  I didn’t have a choice.  I just did it.”  My job sometimes is to highlight how courageous their actions actually were, to help deconstruct the choices they make in their lives that will hopefully result in increased confidence and a sense of their ability to be active agents in the creation of their future lives.  Our role as a parent is to do the same with our children. 

The truth is more likely that for most adults, years of rehearsed mental pathways create habitual grooves in our brains’ topography culminating in relatively unconscious choices in favor of survival, compassion, and altruism.  Without learning healthy attachment with another human being in childhood—therefore learning to care about oneself, others, and our surroundings—another more destructive pathway (engaging similar centers of the brain) can just as likely result in more sinister choices aligned with aggression and fear. 
The gap between thought and action, those precious few seconds (or maybe even as many as 90 seconds) that culminate in a shift from the mental to the material—biochemistry to action—can motivate or paralyze us. 
According to Jill Bolte Taylor, a neuroscientist catapulted through paralysis to enlightenment as a result of a stroke in her left hemisphere, our limbic system (in charge of our emotional programming) is triggered to respond, in less than 90 seconds, either positively (in favor of compassion, altruism, and love) or negatively (in favor of aggression and fear).  Within those 90 seconds we can transform our reaction from positive to negative or negative to positive.
It is important to note that our responses are to actual physical stimuli, or rather our mental perceptions of those stimuli, and can even be in response to an unconscious thought.  She advises us all, in her memoir My Stroke of Insight (2008), to be conscious that we do, in fact, have a choice about how we respond to the events of our lives.  The commonly dispensed advice to take 5 deep breaths or count to 10—to help us not lose our cool—may in fact make all the difference to our happiness in life.  Alternatively, in moments when we are faced with a situation to save our own or another’s life, hopefully we’ve rehearsed enough loving to care to not only respond, but react quickly. 
Ultimately, it is a choice to be courageous—consciously or unconsciously rehearsed—a choice that makes all the difference not only in terms of our survival, but also our happiness.  A choice as simple and as complex as being understanding and compassionate, instead of losing it, when your child is sick and drops her new iPod into a bowl of chicken noodle soup (one of my more recent failures).  It was only after taking a few deep breaths whilst hugging my daughter (to reassure her that she is still lovable even when she makes mistakes–as am I), and getting all the information, that we managed to fix her iPod with a blow dryer.  A calm mind is, it turns out, the necessary condition for creative problem solving.

Dr. Lisa’s Parenting Tip:
Ask yourself, “When have I been courageous in my life?”  Ask your child, “Can you recall a time when you needed courage?”  Share your courage stories on our blog…we’d love to hear your stories in our comments section or send us your stories to us by clicking here!
The next time you feel like you’re going to lose your cool as a parent, take a mini time-out for yourself.  Breathe a few deep breaths.  Count to 10, or 90!  Modelling this kind of self-control when under pressure, will help your child not only trust you more; but also to learn to be the ruler of his/her emotional reactions—instead of being ruled by them.

The Lion’s Whisker

This is a traditional story from Ethiopia, and a beautiful example of emotional courage. I have heard it told various ways – in one, the woman must reconnect with her husband, from whom she has become estranged; in another, the woman must find connection with a stepson, in another, with her new mother-in-law. The variation in these details shows that we can alter stories to suit our audience and our own unspoken needs. Parents can read it a few times, let the story sink in and live inside for a while before sharing it, and then try telling it to their own children, making any change in detail they want. But they shouldn’t read it aloud! They should just tell it in their own words. No discussion is required afterward, but if a child begins to talk about the story, a parent can just follow her lead and see where it takes them. Also, here is a good retelling you might be able to find at your public library. 
A long time ago, a woman in a certain village adopted a boy whose parents had died of a disease. She had no children herself, and she wanted this boy to love her. He was not ready to love her, however, as his heart was still grieving for the parents he had lost. This woman loved him very much already, but she was sad that he would hardly look at her when she gave him his food. She thought she would ask advice from the wise healer in the next village, and see if there was some magic that could make the child love her.
“There is a special drink which I can make for you to give the boy,” said the healer. “When the child drinks it he will love you as his mother.”
“Please make this for me,” the woman begged.
The healer raised one finger. “It is difficult to make. It requires the whisker of a living lion.”
The woman felt her heart pound in her chest. What a fearful task! “I will get this whisker,” she whispered.

The next afternoon, she took some meat to a pond where lion tracks had been seen. She put the meat by the water and hid behind a tree to wait. Sure enough, at dusk a lion came. She knew by the way he sniffed the air that he knew she was there, but he was satisfied with the meat and did not bother her.

The next evening she did the same thing. The lion sniffed the air, but did not approach her, for he was satisfied with her offering. The next evening, she did the same thing but did not hide behind the tree. She crouched on the path where he could see her. She was very frightened when the lion looked at her, but she did not run away. Every day she did this, and every day she waited a little bit closer to where the lion ate. At last, after two months of this, she was placing the meat in front of the lion and waiting just a few feet away. The lion would eat the meat quickly, his great teeth gleaming in the sunset light, but the woman thought of the boy and she did not run away.
After three months there came a night when the woman placed the meat on the ground and did not move. The lion approached the meat, and sniffed her before eating. As he lowered his head to the meat, the woman reached out, and plucked one whisker from his cheek.
The next morning, the woman hurried to the next village to give the wise healer the lion’s whisker. The healer looked with astonishment at the whisker, and then smiled. “You now have everything you need to win the boy’s love.”
“The drink? You will make the drink?” the woman asked.
But the healer put a gentle hand on the woman’s arm. “You do not need any magic drink. You have learned how to win the boy’s love, with patience, and with courage, and with a small step every day, and with not running away.”
And when the woman went home she found that she could think of the boy as a lion, and approach him with the same patience and the same respect. And eventually, this boy loved her as his own mother.
………………………………..
Again, parents should resist the temptation to press for a discussion. “Did you like the story?” or “What do you think the story means?” are not questions a child wants to hear while he is processing a story and savoring the images it has offered to his imagination. If they can be like the woman in the story, patiently offering and patiently waiting, then a prize of great worth will eventually come.

You may also purchase Nancy Raines Day’s retelling, with beautiful collage illustrations by Ann Grifalconi here:

Defining Courage for Yourself

A few days after Jennifer and I start talking about writing about courage, her daughter (K.) and my own (B.) are seated at our kitchen table sharing snacks and huddled together over my daughter’s new iPod. I ask them, “Do you mind if I ask you a couple questions about courage?”  We’ve had a few discussions about what courage means since I started researching its origins for this blog. I find I get more thoughtful, and willing, answers to my questions when I check in with my kids if it is a good time for them…and if they understand the meaning of my questions.  I ask Jennifer’s daughter, the lovely K., first. “Do you think B. has courage?”  K. answers emphatically, “Yes!”


I probe further, “Can you give me an example?”  She continues, “Yeah…the time she volunteered at Tae Kwon Do to do her form in front of the whole class.”  I ask K. if she thinks that she, too, has courage. “No,” is her response.  B. immediately chimes in, “Yes, you do!  You have so much courage.  To come here from another country, when you were adopted, without knowing anyone or even the language!”  K., ever the adoring friend, says “It’s the same as you, B.  You came here from Canada.”  B. challenges K. further to recognize her immense courage by saying, “K. when I moved here, I knew my family, I knew the language.”  It’s as if, viewing oneself through the narrow prism of a friend’s achievements, we are unable to recognize our own strengths, our own accomplishments—especially when our friend is able to do things we are not yet unafraid to do. 
I chime in, “It sounds like you both can think of at least a few times when you both showed courage.  It seems like you are both courageous in your own ways.” They glance at each other momentarily and smile, their sisterly love unequivocal, and get back to their snacks and game.  
It seems important when defining a word like courage, to define its meaning in our own lives.  We must be careful not to minimize the moments we’ve displayed the qualities of courage by comparing our ‘mental or moral strength’ with another’s.  What requires courage in you may be significantly different for me.  In addition, we may undermine ourselves and others by failing to recognize the strength that a particular task, choice, or feat may require.  One of the best things about a having a friendship like K. and B. is that your friend is not only someone who likes you; but someone who knows you enough to recognize the moments when you’ve needed mental or moral strength—even when you yourself may not.  Such a friend is often the one who cheers you on from the sidelines appreciating what it takes for you to conquer a fear, stand up for what you believe in, or endure something difficult.  Everyone deserves such a friend, and especially such a parent, cheering us on!

Dr. Lisa’s Parent Coaching Tip:

Before you read on, answer the question for yourself—and ask your child—“What does the word courage mean to you?”  Define the word for yourself and your family.  Share your definition(s) in our comments section!

Reflect on times in your life when you’ve shown courage.  Share these stories with your kids over dinner together.  Highlight courageous moments in your child’s life, too. 

Decide if it is a value that is important to your family.  Why?  Notice, in the coming days, moments when you or your child display courage.  

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lion photo: Copyright Duard Van Der Westhuizen, Dreamstime.com

Getting to the Heart of Courage

The Merriam Webster (2010) dictionary defines courage as follows:  “mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty” (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/courage, ¶1).  It comes from the Middle English corage, from Anglo-French curage, from quer, coer, and from the Latin word cor (¶3). All essentially variations of the origin, ‘heart’: to have heart, to take heart, to be brave of heart.

Since my kids are some of the wisest people I know, and I’m curious what they may have already learned about courage in their lives, I ask them to define courage in their own words.  My teenage son tolerates the interrogation, even taking a moment from his iPod to answer “Courage is: even when the odds are against you, you are able to overcome them to do something brave.  It’s not just trying to overcome.  It is doing something great.  Like in World War II, the American soldiers crashing onto the beaches in the Pacific—against all odds—fighting with all they had…that’s courage”.  We’d just finished a marathon session watching the HBO miniseries The Pacific, so this kind of courage-in-action is fresh in his mind.  My 10-year old daughter on the other hand, mulls over my question—her mind wandering the clouds overhead outside the backseat car window—whilst I wait patiently for her response.  “Courage is being brave even when you are afraid.  It is standing up for what you believe in or for someone you believe in.  Even if you know others maybe won’t like it.” 

Our children are growing up in uncertain times.  Uncertainty breeds fear and a lack of both sureness and hope for the future.  Courage is, and will be, an essential quality/skill/value to possess in uncertain times.
The veil has been lifted in the Emerald City, the workings of the machine revealed and the financial and environmental debts are now due.  That said, are these times any different from other periods of history?  Mass media may have many of us believing so.  But, what about children growing up during the World Wars?  Those were certainly uncertain times, as was the Great Depression.  Are we breeding anxiety without hope for our children?  What would be the point, to scare the masses into submission?  It seems we all can forget, at times, Glinda the Good Witch’s reminder to Dorothy, in The Wizard of Oz:  “You’ve always had the power to go back to Kansas.”  In essence, it is only after we have faced our very real or fabricated fears or self-doubt that we realize our true power and capacity for courage. As a children’s book author and parenting coach, the goal of our blog is to two-fold:
  1. To discuss ways that we, as parents, can prepare our children to overcome common fears, self-doubt, and develop the kinds of courage to make difficult decisions, do the right thing, and remain hopeful in the future.
  2. To share stories that help equip and inspire our children and ourselves to be courageous in our family life, in our communities, and in the world at large!

As I’m known to do, I probe further with both my children after Jennifer and I start writing this blog. “Can you recall a time in your life when you’ve been courageous, when you’ve had courage?” 

My son’s response is an emphatic, “No way, not yet.”  Courage to him is about heroes and heroines in battle. Soldiers in war engaged in a hardscrabble existence to survive despite the mud, mosquitoes, murder, and mortification for months, sometimes years.

My daughter replies as emphatically, but affirmatively.  “Yeah, it took courage to stick up for my friend K. at her birthday party, when another girl was criticizing her for being ungrateful for her presents and party.  K. had never had a birthday party in her whole life before she was adopted and came to live in America!  She deserved her party and was so grateful.”  The consternation and contempt about the other girl’s criticism still fresh.  She continued “It seems you need courage around other’s judgments.”  Which reminded me of the  quote I read recently, attributed to W.H. Auden: “Critics are the people who ride in after the battle is over and shoot the wounded.” It is, after all, far easier to be a critic on the sidelines than to be courageous on the front lines of life. 

I guess the question is:  Which do you choose, to be cowardly or courageous on the path ahead?

Copyright Socrates, Dreamstime.com

Chapter One: Jennifer and the Lovely K.

I wanted to share this story first.

My daughter had been home with me from Ethiopia for a couple of months. At 8, she was learning English quickly, and I spent most dinners telling her stories – myths, legends, fables, fairy tales – to fill her ears with words and her imagination with ideas. One evening, with my reserve of stories and my energy running a bit low, I pulled out a few flash cards I had made. Each of these cards bore a sticker with words such as “cooperation” or “honesty” or similar virtues, and I defined the words for her and asked her to think of an example for us to write on the back of the card. We came to the word “courage,” and I gave her a brief description,( although this was long before Lisa and I teased apart the six types of courage.) “Can you think of a time when you had courage?” I asked this child who had lost her family, her country, her culture and her language and still managed to smile every day.

“At Ethiopia, [at the orphanage] I don’t know you but I go with you,” she replied.
With this simple statement, she embodied a key aspect of courage our children must have: belief in a positive future. In the future there will be something better than this, and although I am scared right now I will keep moving forward in order to reach that future. I believe this is what stories can show us: the hero may face many challenges; those challenges may be physical, or intellectual, or emotional, or moral; but only by addressing those challenges can the hero triumph.
As a children’s book author, I have always believed that narrative and story are essential tools for survival and success. Stories show us many possible solutions to many possible problems, and a child who has heard or read many good stories has had many good examples to reflect upon (consciously or not) when presented with a challenge. I began my parenting by telling stories, and tried to note which stories my daughter wanted to hear over and over, because they were clues to the challenges she was facing, and it was the best way for me to work on attachment. For centuries, this was a key purpose served by telling stories: to pass on values, to inspire courage, to give the next generation the fortitude to become adults and do difficult things. I do think we can reconnect with the power of story to teach our children courage, and we can start by telling our own stories, and by making the old stories our own.

A year or so after my daughter came home I asked her about that day we first met, when her hand was placed in mine and we were escorted from the orphanage as a new family and we began our shared story. “Were you scared?” I asked. She nodded apologetically. I leaned close and whispered in her ear, “Guess what? So was I.”

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